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CoNED Topobathymetric Model of Puget Sound, Washington, 1887 to 2017
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        organisationName:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management
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                voice:  (843) 740-1202
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                deliveryPoint:  2234 South Hobson Ave
                city:  Charleston
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      DateTime:  2020-06-08T15:48:41
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    metadataStandardVersion:  ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
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    identificationInfo:  (MD_DataIdentification)
        citation:  (CI_Citation)
            title:  CoNED Topobathymetric Model of Puget Sound, Washington, 1887 to 2017
            alternateTitle:  2020 CoNED Puget Sound m9112
            date:  (CI_Date)
                date:  2020-05-04
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                  Anchor:  InPort Catalog ID 59971
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                        linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/
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                        linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5d72b5dfe4b0c4f70cffa775
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                        description:  Original posting of the data by USGS as one large tiff image
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                        linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/
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                        name:  NOAA's Office for Coastal Management (OCM) Data Access Viewer (DAV)
                        description:  The Data Access Viewer (DAV) allows a user to search for and download elevation, imagery, and land cover data for the coastal U.S. and its territories. The data, hosted by the NOAA Office for Coastal Management, can be customized and requested for free download through a checkout interface. An email provides a link to the customized data, while the original data set is available through a link within the viewer.
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        abstract:  To support the modeling of storm-induced flooding, the USGS Coastal National Elevation Database (CoNED) Applications Project has created an integrated 1-meter topobathymetric digital elevation model (TBDEM) for Puget Sound. Puget Sound is located along the northwestern coast of Washington and is part of the Salish Sea. Puget Sound is the third largest estuary in the United States. High-resolution coastal elevation data is required to identify flood, storm, and sea-level rise inundation hazard zones and other earth science applications, such as the development of sediment transport and storm surge models. The new TBDEM consists of the best available multi-source topographic and bathymetric elevation data for Puget Sound including neighboring islands, canals, and inlets. The Puget Sound TBDEM comprises an integration of 186 different data sources including topographic and bathymetric LiDAR data, hydrographic surveys, single-beam acoustic surveys, and multi-beam acoustic surveys obtained from U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), the Puget Sound Lidar Consortium, and the Washington Department of Natural Resources. The topographic and bathymetric surveys were sorted and prioritized based on survey date, accuracy, spatial distribution, and point density to develop a model based on the best available elevation data. Because bathymetric data are typically referenced to tidal datums (such as Mean High Water or Mean Low Water), all tidally-referenced heights were transformed into orthometric height based on a common geoid (Geoid12B) that are normally used for mapping elevation on land based on the North American Vertical Datum of 1988. Every input data source in the TBDEM has been horizontally referenced to UTM Zone 10, NAD83 2011. The spatial resolution is 1-meter with the general location ranging from the Deception Pass in the north to Olympia, Washington in the south and extending to a depth of 327 meters. The overall temporal range of the input topography and bathymetry is 1887 to 2017. The topography surveys are from 2005-2017. The bathymetry surveys were acquired between 1887 and 2015.
        purpose:  As part of the vision for a 3D Nation, the USGS CoNED Applications Project is working collaboratively with the USGS National Geospatial Program, NOAA, and the USACE through the Interagency Working Group on Ocean and Coastal Mapping to build integrated elevation models in the coastal zone by assimilating the land surface topography with littoral zone and continental shelf bathymetry. The USGS CoNED Applications Project integrates disparate light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and bathymetric data sources into a common 3D database aligned both vertically and horizontally to a common reference system. CoNED Project TBDEM elevation model development is focused in select regions around the U.S. Coast, such as in the Northern Gulf of Mexico (NGOM), the Hurricane Sandy Region in the northeast, the California Coast Region, the Pacific Northwest, and the North Slope of Alaska. CoNED Project topobathymetric digital elevation models (TBDEMs) provide a required seamless elevation product for several science application studies such as shoreline delineation, coastal inundation mapping, sediment-transport, sea-level rise, storm surge models, tsunami impact assessment, and also to analyze the impact of various climate change scenarios on coastal regions. The raster elevation topobathymetric elevation product, the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) metadata, and the spatially referenced metadata are contained in the downloadable bundle. Spatially referenced metadata are contained within an ESRI geodatabase that contains footprints for each of the input source areas. References: Danielson, J.J., Poppenga, S.K., Brock, J.C., Evans, G.A., Tyler, D.J., Gesch, D.B., Thatcher, C.A., and Barras, J.A. , 2016, Topobathymetric elevation model development using a new methodology-Coastal National Elevation Database: Journal of Coastal Research, SI no. 76, p. 75-89, at http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/SI76-008. Thatcher, C.A., Brock, J.C., Danielson, J.J., Poppenga, S.K., Gesch, D.B., Palaseanu-Lovejoy, M.E., Barras, J.A., Evans, G.A., and Gibbs, A.E., 2016, Creating a Coastal National Elevation Database (CoNED) for science and conservation applications: Journal of Coastal Research, SI no. 76, p. 64-74, at http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/SI76-007. Gesch, Dean B., Oimoen, Michael J., and Evans, Gayla A., 2014, Accuracy assessment of the U.S. Geological Survey National Elevation Dataset, and comparison with other large-area elevation datasets-SRTM and ASTER: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1008, 10 p., at http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141008. Sugarbaker, L.J., Constance, E.W., Heidemann, H.K., Jason, A.L., Lukas, Vicki, Saghy, D.L., and Stoker, J.M., 2014, The 3D Elevation Program initiative—A call for action: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1399, 35 p Carswell, W.J., Jr., 2013, The 3D Elevation Program—Summary for California: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013–3056, 2 p., http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3056/. Grossman, E.E., Dartnell, Peter, and Finlayson, D.P., 2018, High-resolution bathymetry and acoustic-backscatter data collected in 2004, 2005, 2007, and 2010 in Skagit Bay, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7JM27VN.
        credit:  Please refer to the Data Quality Section, Source Citations for original source data information., Tyler, D.J. Danielson, J.J. Grossman, E.E. Hockenberry, R.J. U.S. Geological Survey
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                    city:  Charleston
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            keyword:  3D Elevation Program
            keyword:  3DEP
            keyword:  Acoustic Sonar
            keyword:  Bathymetric
            keyword:  Bathymetry
            keyword:  Coastal and Marine Geology Program
            keyword:  Coastal National Elevation Database
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            keyword:  Flood Inundation Modeling
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            keyword:  Light Detection and Ranging
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            keyword:  Earth Science > Land Surface > Topography > Terrain Elevation
            keyword:  Earth Science > Oceans > Bathymetry/Seafloor Topography > Seafloor Topography
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                title:  U.S. Department of Commerce, 1987, Codes for the identification of the States, the District of Columbia and the outlying areas of the United States, and associated areas (Federal Information Processing Standard 5-2): Washington, D.C., National Instit
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            useLimitation:  NOAA provides no warranty, nor accepts any liability occurring from any incomplete, incorrect, or misleading data, or from any incorrect, incomplete, or misleading use of the data. It is the responsibility of the user to determine whether or not the data is suitable for the intended purpose.
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            otherConstraints:  Access Constraints: None | Use Constraints: Users should be aware that temporal changes may have occurred since this data set was collected and some parts of this data may no longer represent actual surface conditions. Users should not use this data for critical applications without a full awareness of its limitations. | Distribution Liability: Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the USGS, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the USGS regarding the use of the data on any other system, nor does the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Data may have been compiled from various outside sources. Spatial information may not meet National Map Accuracy Standards. This information may be updated without notification. The USGS shall not be liable for any activity involving these data, installation, fitness of the data for a particular purpose, its use, or analyses results. Any conclusions drawn from the analysis of this information are not the responsibility of NOAA, the Office for Coastal Management or its partners
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        language:  eng; US
        topicCategory:  (MD_TopicCategoryCode) elevation
        topicCategory:  (MD_TopicCategoryCode) elevation
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                westBoundLongitude:  -123.207
                eastBoundLongitude:  -121.9794
                southBoundLatitude:  46.7803
                northBoundLatitude:  49.0518
        supplementalInformation:  The data obtained through ScienceBase at https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5d72b5dfe4b0c4f70cffa775 are considered to be the "best available" data from the USGS. For questions on distribution, please refer to the Distribution Section, Contact Information. For processing, please refer to the Data Quality Section, Processing Step, Contact Information.
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                        city:  Charleston
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                        country: (missing)
                        electronicMailAddress:  coastal.info@noaa.gov
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                linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/lidar/search/where:ID=9112/details/9112
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                linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/htdata/raster2/elevation/Puget_Sound_CoNED_DEM_2020_9112
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    dataQualityInfo:  (DQ_DataQuality)
        scope:  (DQ_Scope)
            level:  (MD_ScopeCode) dataset
        report:  (DQ_AbsoluteExternalPositionalAccuracy)
            nameOfMeasure:  Horizontal Positional Accuracy
            evaluationMethodDescription:  The horizontal accuracy for the integrated topobathymetric model was not assessed quantitatively.
            result: (missing)
        report:  (DQ_AbsoluteExternalPositionalAccuracy)
            nameOfMeasure:  Vertical Positional Accuracy
            evaluationMethodDescription:  Integrated TBDEM Vertical Accuracy Assessment (GEOID12B). The TBDEM root mean square error (RMSE) over the land area is 0.22 meters versus 54 NOAA NGS GPS bench mark control points distributed throughout the study area.
            result: (missing)
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            evaluationMethodDescription:  Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details
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            statement: (missing)
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:  The principal methodology for developing the integrated topobathymetric elevation model can be organized into three main components. The "topography component" consists of the land-based elevation data, which is primarily comprised from high-resolution LiDAR data. The topographic source data will include LiDAR data from different sensors (Topographic, Bathymetric) with distinct spectral wavelengths (NIR-1064nm, Green-532nm). The "bathymetry component" consists of hydrographic sounding (acoustic) data collected using boats rather than bathymetry acquired from LiDAR. The most common forms of bathymetry that are used include: multi-beam, single-beam, and swath. The final component, "Integration", encompasses the assimilation of the topographic and bathymetric data along the near-shore based on a predefined set of priorities. The land/water interface (+1 m- -1.5 m) is the most critical area, and green laser systems, such as the Experimental Advanced Airborne Research LiDAR (EAARL-B) and the Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging LiDAR (CZMIL) that cross the near-shore interface are valuable in developing a seamless transition. The end product from the topography and bathymetry components is a raster with associated spatial masks and metadata that can be passed to the integration component for final model incorporation. Topo/Bathy Creation Steps: Topography Processing Component: a) Quality control check the vertical and horizontal datum and projection information of the input lidar source to ensure the data is referenced to NAVD88 and NAD83, UTM. If the source data is not NAVD88, transform the input LiDAR data to NAVD88 reference frame using current National Geodetic Survey (NGS) geoid models and VDatum. Likewise, if required, convert the input source data to NAD83 and reproject to UTM. b) Check the classification of the topographic LiDAR data to verify the data are classified with the appropriate classes. If the data have not been classified, then classify the raw point cloud data to non-ground (class 1) ground (class 2), and water (class 9) classes using LP360-Classify. c) Derive associated breaklines from the classified LiDAR to capture internal water bodies, such as lakes and ponds and inland waterways. Inland waterways and water bodies will be hydro-flattened where no bathymetry is present. d) Extract the ground returns from the classified LiDAR data and randomly spatial subset the points into two point sets based on the criteria of 95 percent of the points for the "Actual Selected" set and the remaining 5 percent for the "Test Control" set. The "Actual Selected" points will be gridded in the terrain model along with associated breaklines and masks to generate the topographic surface, while the "Test Control" points will be used to compute the interpolation accuracy (Root Mean Square Error) from the derived surface. e) Generate the minimum convex hull boundary from the classified ground LiDAR points that creates a mask that extracts the perimeter of the exterior LiDAR points. The mask is then applied in the terrain to remove extraneous terrain artifacts outside of the extent of the ground LiDAR points. f) Using a terrain model based on triangulated irregular networks (TINs), grid the "Actual Selected" ground points using breaklines and the minimum convex hull boundary mask at a 1-meter spatial resolution using a natural neighbor interpolation algorithm. g) Compute the interpolation accuracy by comparing elevation values in the "Test Control" points to values extracted from the derived gridded surface; report the results in terms of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE).
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2019-05-24T00:00:00
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:  Bathymetry Processing Component: a) Quality control check the vertical and horizontal datum and projection information of the input bathymetric source to ensure the data is referenced to NAVD88 and NAD83, UTM. If the source data is not NAVD88, transform the input bathymetric data to NAVD88 reference frame using VDatum. Likewise, if required, convert the input source data to NAD83 and reproject to UTM. b) Prioritize and spatially sort the bathymetry based on date of acquisition, spatial distribution, accuracy, and point density to eliminate any outdated or erroneous points and to minimize interpolation artifacts. c) Randomly spatial subset the bathymetric points into two point sets based on the criteria of 95 percent of the points for the "Actual Selected" set and the remaining 5 percent for the "Test Control" set. The "Actual Selected" points will be gridded in the empirical bayesian krigging model along with associated masks to generate the bathymetric surface, while the "Test Control" points will be used to compute the interpolation accuracy (Root Mean Square Error) from the derived surface. d) Spatially interpolate bathymetric single-beam, multi-beam, and hydrographic survey source data using an empirical bayesian krigging gridding algorithm. This approach uses a geostatistical interpolation method that accounts for the error in estimating the underlying semivariogram (data structure - variance) through repeated simulations. e) Cross validation - Compare the predicted value in the geostatistical model to the actual observed value to assess the accuracy and effectiveness of model parameters by removing each data location one at a time and predicting the associated data value. The results will be reported in terms of RMSE. f) Compute the interpolation accuracy by comparing elevation values in the "Test Control" points to values extracted from the derived gridded surface; report the results in terms of RMSE.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2019-05-24T00:00:00
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:  Mosaic Dataset Processing (Integration) Component: a) Determined priority of input data based on project characteristics, including acquisition dates, cell size, retention of features, water surface treatment, visual inspection and presence of artifacts. b) Develop an ArcGIS geodatabase (Mosaic Dataset) and spatial seamlines for each individual topographic (minimum convex hull boundary) and bathymetric raster layer included in the integrated elevation model. c) Generalize seamline edges to smooth transition boundaries between neighboring raster layers and split complex raster datasets with isolated regions into individual unique raster groups. d) Develop an integrated shoreline transition zone from the best available topographic and bathymetric data to blend the topographic and bathymetric elevation sources. Where feasible, use the minimum convex hull boundary, create a buffer to logically mask input topography/bathymetry data. Then, through the use of TINs, interpolate the selected topographic and bathymetric points to gap-fill, if required any near-shore holes in the bathymetric coverage. Topobathymetric LiDAR data sources such as the EAARL-B or CZMIL systems provide up-to-date, high-resolution data along the critical land/water interface within inter-tidal zone. e) Prioritize and spatially sort the input topographic and bathymetric raster layers based on date of acquisition and accuracy to sequence the raster data in the integrated elevation model. f) Based on the prioritization, spatially mosaic the input raster data sources to create a seamless topobathymetric composite at a cell size of 1 meter using blending (spatial weighting). g) Performed a visual quality assurance (Q/A) assessment on the output composite to review the mosaic seams for artifacts. h) Generate spatially referenced metadata for each unique data source. The spatially reference metadata consists of a group of geospatial polygons that represent the spatial footprint of each data source used in the generation of the topobathymetric dataset. Each polygon is to be populated with attributes that describe the source data, such as, resolution, acquisition date, source name, source organization, source contact, source project, source URL, and data type (topographic LiDAR, bathymetric LiDAR, multi-beam bathymetry, single-beam bathymetry, etc.).
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2019-05-24T00:00:00
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:  Data as one mosaicked GeoTiFF were downloaded from the USGS Sciencebase site. Data were tiled into 4096x4096 tiles, converted to cloud optimized geotiffs, and the vertical georeferencing was added to the files (NAVD88 meters).
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2020-06-08T00:00:00
                processor:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management
                    contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                        phone:  (CI_Telephone)
                            voice:  (843) 740-1202
                        address:  (CI_Address)
                            electronicMailAddress:  coastal.info@noaa.gov
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) processor
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: This dataset was only used to fill in where higher resolution topographic data were not available.
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  3DEP_1/3AS_DEM
                    date: (missing)
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  USGS
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                linkage: https://nationalmap.gov/
                                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                                name:  Source Citation URL
                                description:  Source Citation URL
                                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                        role: (inapplicable)
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: This dataset is only used in small near-shore areas of Saturna Island where higher resolution data are not available.
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  British Columbia 3 arc-second Bathymetric Digital Elevation Model
                    date:  (CI_Date)
                        date:  2013-01-01
                        dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  NOAA/NCEI
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                linkage: https://data.noaa.gov/metaview/page?xml=NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC/MGG/DEM/iso/xml/4956.xml&view=getDataView&header=none#
                                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                                name:  Source Citation URL
                                description:  Source Citation URL
                                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                        role: (inapplicable)
                sourceExtent:  (EX_Extent)
                    temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
                        extent:
                          TimePeriod:
                            beginPosition:  1930
                            endPosition:  2012
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: This dataset covers the city of Bellingham, WA.
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  City of Bellingham 1-Meter Topographic Lidar, 2013
                    date:  (CI_Date)
                        date:  2013-01-01
                        dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  Don Burdick, City of Bellingham
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                linkage: http://lidarportal.dnr.wa.gov/
                                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                                name:  Source Citation URL
                                description:  Source Citation URL
                                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                        role: (inapplicable)
                sourceExtent:  (EX_Extent)
                    temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
                        extent:
                          TimeInstant:
                            timePosition:  2013
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: This dataset covers east-central Clallam County, WA.
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  Clallam Topographic Lidar, 2002
                    date:  (CI_Date)
                        date:  2002-01-01
                        dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  USGS/WA DNR
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                linkage: http://nationalmap.gov/,http://lidarportal.dnr.wa.gov/
                                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                                name:  Source Citation URL
                                description:  Source Citation URL
                                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                        role: (inapplicable)
                sourceExtent:  (EX_Extent)
                    temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
                        extent:
                          TimeInstant:
                            timePosition:  2002
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: This dataset covers the Dungeness coastline between Oyster House Road and Glerin Creek, and stretches from the mouth of the Dungeness River inland approximately 10 miles.
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  Dungeness River Topobathymetric Lidar, 1-meter, 2016
                    date:  (CI_Date)
                        date:  2016-01-01
                        dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  Robert Knapp, Jamestown S'Klallam Tribe
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                linkage: http://lidarportal.dnr.wa.gov/
                                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                                name:  Source Citation URL
                                description:  Source Citation URL
                                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                        role: (inapplicable)
                sourceExtent:  (EX_Extent)
                    temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
                        extent:
                          TimeInstant:
                            timePosition:  2016
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: This dataset covers the Dungeness River, WA.
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  Dungeness River Topographic Lidar, 2008
                    date:  (CI_Date)
                        date:  2008-01-01
                        dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  Pam Edens, Jamestown S'Klallam Tribe
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                linkage: http://lidarportal.dnr.wa.gov/
                                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                                name:  Source Citation URL
                                description:  Source Citation URL
                                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                        role: (inapplicable)
                sourceExtent:  (EX_Extent)
                    temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
                        extent:
                          TimeInstant:
                            timePosition:  2008
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: This dataset covers the lower mainland, British Columbia.
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  GeoBC Lower Mainland Topographic DEM, 20-meter, 2017
                    date:  (CI_Date)
                        date:  2017-01-01
                        dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  Environment and Climate Change, Canada
                        role: (inapplicable)
                sourceExtent:  (EX_Extent)
                    temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
                        extent:
                          TimeInstant:
                            timePosition:  2017
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: This dataset covers 146 square miles in the vicinity of Hood Canal.
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  Hood Canal Topographic Lidar, 3-feet, 2015
                    date:  (CI_Date)
                        date:  2015-01-01
                        dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  USGS/WA DNR
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                linkage: http://nationalmap.gov/,http://lidarportal.dnr.wa.gov/
                                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                                name:  Source Citation URL
                                description:  Source Citation URL
                                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                        role: (inapplicable)
                sourceExtent:  (EX_Extent)
                    temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
                        extent:
                          TimeInstant:
                            timePosition:  2015
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: Lake Whatcom, WA
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  Lake Whatcom Bathymetry, 10-feet, 2000
                    date:  (CI_Date)
                        date:  2000-01-01
                        dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  BOR/City of Bellingham
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                linkage: https://www.cob.org/services/maps/gis
                                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                                name:  Source Citation URL
                                description:  Source Citation URL
                                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                        role: (inapplicable)
                sourceExtent:  (EX_Extent)
                    temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
                        extent:
                          TimePeriod:
                            beginPosition:  1999
                            endPosition:  2000
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: The NOS Hydrographic Surveys were used in areas not covered by other bathymetry. The following surveys were included as rasters (BAGs) or used for interpolation: F00399, F00541, F00589, F00613, F00638, H01815, H01887, H01954, H02049, H02079, H02080, H02215, H02216, H06477, H06557, H06577, H06607, H06612, H06614, H06615, H06617, H06645, H06650, H06653, H06746, H06747, H06748, H06818, H07080, H07962, H08084, H08085, H08086, H08087, H08115, H08116, H08117, H08317, H08319, H08321, H08322, H08323, H08324, H08331, H08333, H08398, H08399, H08400, H08459, H08478, H08479, H08480, H08518, H08519, H08520, H08895, H08909, H08916, H08929, H09417, H10534, H10564, H10608, H10621, H10626, H10755, H10766, H10783, H10792, H10828, H10887, H10911, H10939, H11018, H11039, H11041, H11188, H11268, H11269, H11316, H11317, H11371, H11375, H11377, H11419, H11420, H11458, H11548, H11549, H11550, H11551, H11552, H11553, H11556, H11605, H11631, H11632, H11642, H11646, H11749, H11750, H11810, H11826, H11827, H12024, H12025, H12050, H12050, H12074, H12075, H12051, H12052, H12053, H12074, H12075, H12159, H12216, H12280, H12281, H12310, H12311, H12312, H12313, H12322, H12323, H12368, H12369, H12418, H12419, H12420, H12562, H12563, H12563, H12564, H12564, H12623, H12625, H12626, W00426.
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  NOS Hydrographic Survey Collection
                    date:  (CI_Date)
                        date:  2015-01-01
                        dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  NOAA NOS
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                linkage: https://maps.ngdc.noaa.gov/viewers/bathymetry/
                                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                                name:  Source Citation URL
                                description:  Source Citation URL
                                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                        role: (inapplicable)
                sourceExtent:  (EX_Extent)
                    temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
                        extent:
                          TimePeriod:
                            beginPosition:  1887
                            endPosition:  2015
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: This dataset covers a portion of the Nisqually Reach of Puget Sound.
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  Nisqually_grossman_mos6_1m bathymetry
                    date: (missing)
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  USGS PCMSC
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                linkage: https://www.usgs.gov/centers/pcmsc
                                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                                name:  Source Citation URL
                                description:  Source Citation URL
                                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                        role: (inapplicable)
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: This dataset covers the Nisqually National Wildlife Refuge.
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  Nisqually_grossman_mos6_2m bathymetry
                    date: (missing)
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  Eric Grossman, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                linkage: https://www.usgs.gov/centers/pcmsc
                                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                                name:  Source Citation URL
                                description:  Source Citation URL
                                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                        role: (inapplicable)
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: Nooksack River
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  Nooksack River Bathymetry
                    date:  (CI_Date)
                        date:  2015-01-01
                        dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  USGS PCMSC
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                linkage: https://www.usgs.gov/centers/pcmsc
                                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                                name:  Source Citation URL
                                description:  Source Citation URL
                                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                        role: (inapplicable)
                sourceExtent:  (EX_Extent)
                    temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
                        extent:
                          TimeInstant:
                            timePosition:  2015
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: This dataset covers a portion of the Nooksack River.
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  Nooksack River Topographic Lidar, 3-feet, 2009
                    date:  (CI_Date)
                        date:  2009-01-01
                        dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  USGS
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                linkage: http://nationalmap.gov/
                                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                                name:  Source Citation URL
                                description:  Source Citation URL
                                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                        role: (inapplicable)
                sourceExtent:  (EX_Extent)
                    temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
                        extent:
                          TimeInstant:
                            timePosition:  2009
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: This dataset covers the Lummi River Delta, a portion of the Nooksack River, and a portion of Bellingham Bay.
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  Nooksack Topographic Lidar, 2013
                    date:  (CI_Date)
                        date:  2013-01-01
                        dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  USGS/WA DNR
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                linkage: http://nationalmap.gov/,http://lidarportal.dnr.wa.gov/
                                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                                name:  Source Citation URL
                                description:  Source Citation URL
                                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                        role: (inapplicable)
                sourceExtent:  (EX_Extent)
                    temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
                        extent:
                          TimeInstant:
                            timePosition:  2013
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: Nooksack Delta.
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  Nooksack_grossman_nkmos1, TBDEM, 2-meter
                    date: (missing)
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  USGS PCMSC
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                                linkage: https://www.usgs.gov/centers/pcmsc
                                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
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                                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                        role: (inapplicable)
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: This dataset covers portions of Skagit and Whatcom Counties.
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  North Puget Topographic Lidar, 3-feet, 2006
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                        date:  2006-01-01
                        dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
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                        organisationName:  USGS/WA DNR
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                            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
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                                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                                name:  Source Citation URL
                                description:  Source Citation URL
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                        extent:
                          TimeInstant:
                            timePosition:  2006
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: This covers portions of the following counties: King, Skagit, Snohomish, Whatcom.
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  North Puget Topographic Lidar, 3-feet, 2017
                    date:  (CI_Date)
                        date:  2017-01-01
                        dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
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                        organisationName:  USGS/WA DNR
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
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                                linkage: http://nationalmap.gov/,http://lidarportal.dnr.wa.gov/
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                        extent:
                          TimeInstant:
                            timePosition:  2017
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: This dataset covers portions of wester Pierce County, WA.
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
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                        dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
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                        organisationName:  USGS/WA DNR
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                                linkage: http://nationalmap.gov/,http://lidarportal.dnr.wa.gov/
                                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                                name:  Source Citation URL
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                            timePosition:  2011
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                description:  Source Contribution: Port Townsend, WA
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                        date:  2011-01-01
                        dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  NOAA
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                        extent:
                          TimeInstant:
                            timePosition:  2011
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: North Puget Sound Lowlands
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
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                        date:  2005-01-01
                        dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
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                        organisationName:  USGS/WA DNR
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
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                                linkage: http://nationalmap.gov/,http://lidarportal.dnr.wa.gov/
                                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                                name:  Source Citation URL
                                description:  Source Citation URL
                                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                        role: (inapplicable)
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                    temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
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                            timePosition:  2005
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: Puget Sound, WA
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  Puget Sound, WA 1/3 arc-second TBDEM, 2015
                    date:  (CI_Date)
                        date:  2015-01-01
                        dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  NOAA
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                linkage: https://data.noaa.gov/metaview/page?xml=NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC/MGG/DEM/iso/xml/5165.xml&view=getDataView&header=none#
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                                name:  Source Citation URL
                                description:  Source Citation URL
                                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
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                    temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
                        extent:
                          TimeInstant:
                            timePosition:  2015
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: Hood Canal
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  S_01_13_PS Bathymetry, 1-meter
                    date: (missing)
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  USGS PCMSC
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                                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                        role: (inapplicable)
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: Lummi Bay
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                    date: (missing)
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  USGS PCMSC
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                linkage: https://www.usgs.gov/centers/pcmsc
                                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
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                                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                        role: (inapplicable)
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: Bellingham Bay
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                    date: (missing)
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  USGS PCMSC
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                linkage: https://www.usgs.gov/centers/pcmsc
                                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
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                                description:  Source Citation URL
                                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                        role: (inapplicable)
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: Bellingham Bay
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  S_05_11_PS_Area3_1m_bathy
                    date: (missing)
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  USGS PCMSC
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                linkage: https://www.usgs.gov/centers/pcmsc
                                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                                name:  Source Citation URL
                                description:  Source Citation URL
                                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                        role: (inapplicable)
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: Bellingham Bay
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  S_05_11_PS_Area4_1m_bathy
                    date: (missing)
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  USGS PCMSC
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                linkage: https://www.usgs.gov/centers/pcmsc
                                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
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                                description:  Source Citation URL
                                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                        role: (inapplicable)
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: San Juan County and Lummi Island, Wa
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  San Juan Topographic Lidar, 3-feet, 2009
                    date:  (CI_Date)
                        date:  2009-01-01
                        dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  USGS/WA DNR
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                linkage: http://nationalmap.gov/,http://lidarportal.dnr.wa.gov/
                                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                                name:  Source Citation URL
                                description:  Source Citation URL
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                        role: (inapplicable)
                sourceExtent:  (EX_Extent)
                    temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
                        extent:
                          TimeInstant:
                            timePosition:  2009
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: San Juan County, WA
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  San Juan Topographic Lidar, 3-feet, 2013
                    date:  (CI_Date)
                        date:  2013-01-01
                        dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  USGS/WA DNR
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                linkage: http://nationalmap.gov/,http://lidarportal.dnr.wa.gov/
                                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                                name:  Source Citation URL
                                description:  Source Citation URL
                                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                        role: (inapplicable)
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: Skagit River
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  Skagit River Bathymetry
                    date: (missing)
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  USGS PCMSC
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                linkage: https://data.usgs.gov/cmgp/index.html#q=*%3A*
                                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                                name:  Source Citation URL
                                description:  Source Citation URL
                                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                        role: (inapplicable)
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: Skagit Delta
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  Skagit_Bay_Grossman_4m Topobathy, 2018
                    date:  (CI_Date)
                        date:  2018-01-01
                        dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  USGS PCMSC
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/59b0579ae4b020cdf7d6e344
                                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
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                    temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
                        extent:
                          TimeInstant:
                            timePosition:  2007
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: Skokomish Delta
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  Skokomish_grossman_skok5_1m Topobathy, 2012
                    date:  (CI_Date)
                        date:  2012-01-01
                        dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  USGS PCMSC
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                        role: (inapplicable)
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                        extent:
                          TimeInstant:
                            timePosition:  2011
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: Skokomish Delta
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  Skokomish_grossman_sno_mos3_2m Topobathy
                    date: (missing)
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  USGS PCMSC
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
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                                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                        role: (inapplicable)
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: Snohomish Delta
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                    title:  Snohomish_non_USGS_Estuary_2007_combined_snobthy Bathymetry, 3-meter, 2007
                    date:  (CI_Date)
                        date:  2007-01-01
                        dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  USGS PCMSC
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
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                                linkage: https://www.usgs.gov/centers/pcmsc
                                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                                name:  Source Citation URL
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                        role: (inapplicable)
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                    temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
                        extent:
                          TimeInstant:
                            timePosition:  2007
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: Snohomish Delta
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  Snohomish_non_USGS_Estuary_2007_final_TULP_BAY_030707 Bathymetry, 1-meter
                    date:  (CI_Date)
                        date:  2007-01-01
                        dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  USGS PCMSC
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                                linkage: https://www.usgs.gov/centers/pcmsc
                                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                                name:  Source Citation URL
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                        extent:
                          TimeInstant:
                            timePosition:  2007
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: Stillaguamish Delta
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  Stillaquamish_grossman_st13_88 Bathymetry, 1-meter
                    date: (missing)
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  USGS PCMSC
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
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                                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                        role: (inapplicable)
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                description:  Source Contribution: Stillaquamish Delta
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                    title:  Stillaquamish_grossman_still_mos5_2m Topobathy
                    date: (missing)
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  USGS PCMSC
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                linkage: https://www.usgs.gov/centers/pcmsc
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                                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                        role: (inapplicable)
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: Thurston and Gray's Harbor Counties, WA
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  Thurston Topographic Lidar, 3-feet, 2011
                    date:  (CI_Date)
                        date:  2011-01-01
                        dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  USGS/WA DNR
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
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                                linkage: http://nationalmap.gov/,http://lidarportal.dnr.wa.gov/
                                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
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                        role: (inapplicable)
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                          TimeInstant:
                            timePosition:  2011
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: Mount Baker
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                        date:  2015-01-01
                        dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  USGS/WA DNR
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                linkage: http://nationalmap.gov/,http://lidarportal.dnr.wa.gov/S
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                            timePosition:  2015
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: Cedar River Watershed and Floodplain
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                    title:  WA_CedarRiver_2014Jun_DNR_1m Topographic Lidar, 3-feet, 2014
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                        date:  2014-01-01
                        dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  USGS/WA DNR
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